Recently, many friends left messages asking how to install a certain type of crushing equipment or screening equipment, or how to install a certain part. For large-scale grinding equipment, the editor does not recommend to assemble or repair on the basis of not understanding. In place, small details may cause major problems in production, so it is best to contact professional equipment personnel to operate. However, if you want to have a certain understanding of the structure and installation of the equipment, the editor is happy to communicate with you. This article takes the revolving crushing as an example to introduce the installation steps and precautions of the 5 parts of the lower frame, transmission part, eccentric shaft sleeve part, middle frame, crushing cone part and beam. 1. Installation of the lower rack The installation of the lower rack is the basis for equipment installation. Install the lower rack on the foundation first, and the equipment must be consistent with the foundation during installation. A gap of not less than 30mm should be kept between the base of the lower frame and the foundation due to secondary grouting. Tighten the anchor bolts after the second grouting to ensure the stability of the equipment. 2. Installation of the transmission part The installation of the transmission part is related to the operation of the equipment. Therefore, when installing, it must be noted that the centers of the two copper sleeves must always be kept at the same horizontal line without deviation. The radial gap between the copper sleeve and the shaft must be strictly in accordance with the instructions of the equipment manual. Within a certain range. When installing the drive shaft, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount of gaskets between the flange of the drive housing and the frame to adjust the position of the bevel gear to meet the product design requirements. 3. Installation of eccentric shaft sleeve Special attention should be paid to the installation process to protect the smoothness and integrity of the friction surface of the babbitt alloy layer. Check whether the tooth tip clearance meets the requirements after installation, and correct it in time if any abnormality is found. The size of the gap can be adjusted by changing the number of adjustment shims. 4. Installation of the middle rack The installation of the middle frame needs to be calibrated through the upper flange of the lower frame. Before installation, it is necessary to make sure that the gap between the flanges of all the taper surfaces is equal, and the error should be less than 0.5mm. The gap between the upper and lower joint surfaces is generally about 15 mm. When installing, make sure that the pins are tightened. After the machine has been running for a period of time, tighten the pins one by one to make all the pins on the circumference evenly stressed, strengthen their stability, and ensure the normal operation of the equipment. 5. Installation of crushing cone and beam Two ways: (1) The crushing cone is installed separately Use the lifting ring on the shaft to hoist the crushing cone into the frame, and then place wooden pads on the ribs on the lower part of the frame to support the cone, then install the beam, and install the nut and jacket on the upper end of the spindle, and finally install the cap , Then take out the wooden mat and wooden wedges. (2) The crushing cone is installed together with the beam That is, the beam and the crushing cone are installed in a special pit in advance, and then installed in the frame together. When lifting the crushed cone and beam components, pay attention to the hoisting method. Wire ropes must be used to hang on the beam of the beam to prevent accidents during the hoisting process. The crushing wall of the crushing cone must be pressed tightly to prevent loosening. Before pressing, apply dry oil to the lower space of the fixed ring (pressing plate) and the anastomotic bolts to prevent rust or corrosion and affect the life of the equipment.
1. When the hardness of the material is higher, the hardness requirement of the hammer material is also higher, and the larger the material is, the higher the toughness requirement is. Therefore, the choice of hammer material should be paid attention to. Which requirement is more important for the fragmentation and hardness of the crushed material. 2. The larger the size of the crusher, the heavier the weight of the hammer, the greater the size of the crushed material, and the greater the impact load on the hammer. Therefore, when choosing the material of the hammer head, the toughness of the hammer head should be guaranteed first, and then how to increase the hardness of the hammer head should be considered on the premise of ensuring the toughness of the hammer head. 3. In addition to the above two points, there is another very important point, which is to comprehensively consider the rationality of the process, and consider the cost-effectiveness of the product, as well as the market acceptance, use effect, etc.
The structure of the jaw crusher is diverse, but the working principle is the same, that is, the periodic movement of the movable jaw plate is used to destroy the material. When the movable jaw plate swings around the suspension axis and the fixed jaw plate, the material between the two jaw plates will be crushed and split. In the initial stage, the pressure is small, so that the volume of the material becomes smaller, and the materials squeeze each other; when the pressure exceeds the maximum bearing limit of the material, it will rupture. On the contrary, when the movable jaw leaves the fixed jaw and swings in the opposite direction, the material moves downwards by gravity. Because each cycle of the movable jaw plate will squeeze the material and discharge it downward. After several cycles, the broken materials are discharged out of the machine through the discharge port.
The installation of the crusher is one of the key points in the design of the mobile crushing station. A reasonable installation form can effectively suppress vibration transmission, reduce sound, and noise, and effectively improve the service life of electrical components and power units. A reasonable installation form is especially important to the service life and performance of the crusher. The following is a brief analysis of several installation forms of the crusher and the comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. 1 Rigid connection 1.1 Connection method As shown in Figure 1, the main crusher and the frame are connected by bolts and nuts, and there is no buffer and vibration reduction device between the main crusher and the frame. Because the bolt has a large elastic modulus and a small deformation, this solution is regarded as a rigid connection. 1.2 Anti-loosening of bolt spacer The crusher needs to withstand a significant impact when it is running, and the occurrence of bolt loosening is related to the structural design of the mechanical equipment. Whether it can absorb or buffer the dynamic load directly determines the performance of the bolt. If the structural design cannot be optimized, steel spacers can be added to improve the bolt’s ability to resist impact. This solution is to increase the total elastic deformation by lengthening the bolts and use the deformation to offset the load impact to ensure the pre-tightening force and prevent the bolts from loosening. The application of spacer anti-loosening is shown in Figure 2. 1.3 Advantages and disadvantages When rigidly connected, because there is no buffer and vibration reduction device between the crusher and the frame, the vibration generated by the crusher is directly transmitted to the frame, and there is almost no buffer and vibration suppression. Therefore, the joint of the frame and the crusher and the frame Other connected parts are subject to varying degrees of vibration damage, and their service life is affected to varying degrees. Therefore, this solution is not suitable for crushers with greater impact, such as jaw crushers and cone crushers. However, its advantages such as simple structure and low cost are particularly obvious. It is often used in impact crushers with little impact. At this time, attention should be paid to the local strengthening of the frame structure to prevent fatigue fracture of the frame. 2 Rubber damper connection 2.1 Connection method Shock absorbers for crushers generally use “sandwich” rubber shock absorbers. The upper and lower two steel plates and the middle rubber block are glued together. The steel plate has threaded holes for bolt fastening, and the rubber block is used for vibration damping and energy absorption. As shown in Figure 3, the crusher is connected to the upper steel plate of the shock absorber by bolts, and the frame is connected to the lower steel plate of the shock absorber by bolts. 2.2 Limit radial displacement Due to the small bonding force between rubber and steel plate, this type of shock absorber is only allowed to withstand axial pressure and small radial shear forces. The crusher will produce greater impact and vibration when it is working, so the crusher generally chooses a belt drive for buffering and energy absorption. In order to ensure that the drive belt has sufficient pre-tightening force, prevent the belt from derailing and flying out, and to avoid the shock absorber from being damaged by radial overload, the radial displacement of the shock absorber must be limited, so it is necessary to increase the pre-tightening force of the crusher drive belt The mechanical locking mechanism (as shown in Figure 4) uses a screw to limit the displacement of the crusher in this direction. 2.3 Advantages and disadvantages Based on the rigid connection, the rubber shock absorber is added between the crushing main body and the frame, which can effectively reduce the impact and suppress the transmission of vibration. It is an effective and reliable method for damping vibration, sound insulation and noise reduction. Rubber shock absorbers are widely used, high in quality and low in price, and are developing in the direction of scale and standardization. The selection and matching are simpler, so it is also the most effective and mainstream solution at present. Due to the shortcomings of easy aging of rubber, the service life of rubber shock absorbers is about 5 years, and it is difficult to cover the entire life cycle of the equipment. 3 Rubber shock absorber + cylinder leveling 3.1 Connection method As shown in Figure 5, the cylinder barrels of the oil cylinder 8 and the oil cylinder 9 are connected with the crusher, the piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected with the steel plate on the upper side of the shock absorber 3, and the steel plate on the lower side of the shock absorber 3 and the shock absorber 5 is connected with the frame 4. The upper steel plate of shock absorber 5 is connected to the crusher 1. The rodless cavity of oil cylinder 8 and the oil cylinder 9 are connected through the oil pipe 7, and the rodless cavity of the two oil cylinders is filled with butter through the butter filling port 6. The pressure in the rodless cavity is always equal. 3.2 Leveling and aligning When the front and rear mounting surfaces of the frame or crusher (as shown in Figure 5a) are out of tolerance, the amount of butter can be increased or decreased through the butter filling port. The cylinder 1 and cylinder 2 have the same pressure in the rodless cavity and expand and contract to achieve the out-of-tolerance adjustment in the front and rear directions. When the left and right mounting surfaces of the frame or crusher (as shown in Figure 5b) are out of tolerance, the rodless cavity of cylinder 1 and cylinder 2 are connected, and the rodless cavity with high pressure will flow to the rodless cavity with low pressure to realize the rodless cavity of the left and right cylinders. The pressure is the same. Considering the low compressibility of butter, the respective expansion and contraction amounts of cylinder 1 and cylinder 2 remain unchanged. The adjusted crusher and cylinder can be regarded as a whole, and the system has 4 independent modules: crusher, frame, The shock absorber 1 and the shock absorber 2 have the same effect as the rubber damping scheme at this time. 3.3 Advantages and disadvantages The frame of the mobile crushing station is a welded component, which is deformed under the influence of welding stress. It is difficult to guarantee the geometric tolerance of the mounting surface, even with the aid of welding tooling. Solve the assembly stress caused by structural tolerance. To meet the actual use requirements, the mainstream solutions of major manufacturers at present are to improve the technical requirements and strengthen the process control of the installation location. However, due to the prohibitive cost and poor stability, the effect is not ideal. However, the solution of “rubber shock absorber + cylinder leveling” can perfectly solve this problem. However, due to the addition of components such as oil cylinders and pipelines, the economy is poor.